How to setup Mate desktop to more traditional style, and it doesn't have to be Debian, there are several other distros offering Mate as an option:
https://distrowatch.com/search.php?desktop=MATE So, after installation, it looks like this:
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Panel at the bottom has only two functions in it, 'show desktop' on the left and workspace switcher on the right side.
I rarely if ever use those. That panel can be removed by right-clicking (rmb - right mouse button) and selecting 'Delete this panel' (these items can be added afterwards if needed to the bottom panel):
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After that, rmb on upper panel → orientation → Bottom
(This is one thing that I prefer to do for convenience - otherwise, if the panel is on top, I keep hitting the clock, calendar and whatever icons are on the system tray, instead of minimizing or closing a maximized window).
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It has three menus on the left side, but I prefer to have only one. To delete those three menus, hover the mouse over them and rmb --> Remove from panel.
To add a single menu, rmb over the panel → Add to panel --> Compact menu.
That menu icon can be moved by rmb → move. When it's in desired position, rmb → Lock to panel.
Now there's much more compact start menu:
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By default, that panel doesn't show list of open windows, such as file manager.
To change that, rmb over it → Add to panel → Window list. It's barely visible on some themes, but it has three dots on the panel.
As mentioned before, when placing app icons to panel, their order may change after reboot. To avoid that, I've placed the 'window list' to about quarter of the panel length from left side, and placed app icons to the left side of it. Not 100% proof, but seems to work.
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While experimenting with these panels, if needed, one can reset them to default by rmb → Reset all panels.